Finalized+Class+handout

Lev Vygotsky was born in Russia and grew up shortly after the Russian revolution, when Marxism and socialism were prevalent. He received a degree in law from Moscow University and got his Ph. D. in literature and linguistics. He lived in Moscow for the last part of his life, where he directed a program to help teach handicapped and special needs children. Vygotsky's theories played a huge role in shaping education. **__ Quick Facts __** · A child's behavior is shaped by his or her culture. ·  Children learn best by working with someone who is already experienced in any given task (for example, a teacher). Gradually, the child is able to do the task alone, without the teacher's help. ·  Vygotsky came up with the idea of the Zone of Proximal Development, or ZPD, which refers to the span between what a child can achieve on his or her own and what the child can achieve with guidance from a teacher (or other more skilled person). Vygotsky was interested in children's innate problem-solving skills, but more interested in their potential after receiving assistance from someone else. ·  Use of language is the primary way in which children learn, and what sets human learning apart from animal learning. Language is needed almost solely for social interaction. Lisa Delpit is a woman of color who grew up in a segregated community in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. She earned her bachelor's degree in education from Antioch College and her master's and doctoral from Harvard University in curriculum, instruction, and research. She has been hailed as a visionary and written numerous books and articles on the perspectives and motives of teachers of color. She currently is the professor of Urban Educational Research at Georgia State University and the director for the Center of Urban Educational Excellence http://www.essentialschools.org/pub/ces_docs/fforum/1999/speeches/delpit_speech99.html  1. Do not teach less content to poor, urban children, but understand their brilliance and teach more. 2. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Whatever methodology or instructional program is used, demand critical thinking. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Assure that all children gain access to "basic skills," the conventions and strategies that are essential to success in American education. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Challenge racist societal views of the competence and worthiness of the children and their families, and help them to do the same. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Recognize and build on strenghs. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Use familiar metaphors and experiences from the children's world to connect what they already know to school knowledge. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Create a sense of family and caring in the service of academic achievement. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Monitor and assess needs and then address them with a wealth of diverse strategies. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Honor and respect the childresn's home and ancestral culture(s).
 * Please note that I have this on a word file and it looks a lot better with pictures of every person and I think that it looks good! let me know what you all think and I can make changes as needed.
 * __ Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) __**
 * __ Lisa Delpit __**
 * __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ten Factors Essential to Success in Urban Classrooms __**
 * 1) <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Foster a sense of children's connection to community - to something greater than themselves <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">.

<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Mortimer Jerome Adler was an American philosopher, educator, and popular author. As a philosopher he worked within the Aristotelian traditions. He lived for the longest stretches in New York City, Chicago, San Francisco, and San Mateo. He worked for Columbia University, the University of Chicago, Encyclopedia Britannica, and Adler's own Institute for Philosophical Research. Adler was married twice and had four children. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">
 * __<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mortimer Adler(1902-2001) __**<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">

<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Adler believed that all students should receive a classics based education where literature, science, philosophy and the arts were integrated. He promoted a universal humanities program where all students were offered the same rigorous basic education. He was not in favor of vocational and electives that differentiated among students and diluted what he felt was true learning. The Great Books program where the Socratic method is used is an example of a model he developed, and many variations came off of this as well. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">He placed an emphasis on critical thinking, in which young people are asked to seek genuine understanding of material, rather than simply memorizing facts. His goal was for students to become critical thinkers and to learn how to think. This is something schools all across the nation have begun to adopt as part of their standards. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;"> He promoted lifelong learning, and believed that education should teach people to use leisure time well, to earn their living ethically, and to be responsible citizens in a democracy. This influence is evidenced by the surge in adult education, and non-traditional students entering schools. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;"> Adler questioned the value of the huge number of standardized tests, and challenged whether they were assessing true learning or were just measuring short-term memorization. He believed valuable time and learning were lost because of them.
 * __<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Educational quick facts: __**